Scientists reviewing 85 million years of fish fossil records say that the basic structure of the ocean ecosystem – the ratio of fish compared to elasmobranchs such as sharks, skates, and rays – has ...

Scientists reviewing 85 million years of fish fossil records say that the basic structure of the ocean ecosystem – the ratio of bony fish compared to elasmobranchs such as sharks, skates, and rays – ...

Linking the structure of communities to ecosystem functioning has been a perennial challenge in ecology. Studies on ecosystem function are traditionally focused on changes in species composition.

Regime shifts between alternative stable ecosystem states are becoming commonplace due to the combined effects of local stressors and global climate change. Alternative states are characterized as ...

Grassland Ecosystem: Grasslands are the areas that are dominated by a nearly continuous cover of grasses. It is one of the most widespread of all major vegetation in the world. They occupy about 20% ...

To investigate how inputs of water and nutrients influence the structural and functional characteristics of cypress wetlands, primary productivity, respiration, transpiration, tree growth, biomass, ...