Adjunct Assistant Professor, School of Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Curriculum Coordinator, Nurse Practitioner Alternatives, Inc ...

Physical castration (PC) is painful and stressful for nursing piglets. One alternative to PC is immunological castration (IC), but the pain and stress of handling associated with injections have not ...

Should the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine only be given subcutaneously? I have seen kids receive the vaccine intramuscularly. What are the consequences of giving it intramuscularly instead of ...

Although the intramuscular route is commonly used for administering human vaccines, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular routes are often used interchangeably for immunizing experimental ...