Electric furnaces are the most commonly used furnaces in the industrial sector. They are used in various fields such as metal processing, ceramic production, chemical reactions, glass processing, ...

Temperature regulation in nonlinear and highly dynamic processes such as the continuous stirred-tank heater (CSTH) is a challenging task due to the inherent system nonlinearities and disturbances.

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Engineering plastics such as PEEK and PEI have become indispensable materials in advanced manufacturing. Due to their ...