Limb formation is currently explained by a long-standing model, which states that signals from tissue in the limb bud called the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) instruct cells of the upper arm to form ...

This figure illustrates that TBX4 is crucial for mammalian limb development during the embryonic stage. It activates FGF10 within the mesoderm and interacts with β-catenin in the Wnt pathway, driving ...