Six critical steps are involved in the manufacturing of semiconductors. These steps include deposition, photoresist, lithography, etch, ionization and packaging. This article discusses several ...

Electron impact ionisation processes are fundamental interactions in which an energetic electron collides with an atom or ion, resulting in the ejection of one or more electrons. These mechanisms are ...

(Nanowerk News) Normally, when an intense laser pulse interacts with an atom it generates agitation on the micro-scale and this interaction produces a single ionisation, where one electron is ejected ...

Energy is transferred to the absorber during the ionisation process. For a given thickness of absorber, alpha radiation produces most ionisation, beta next and gamma least. Safety precautions are ...

Electron impact ionization remains a cornerstone experimental and theoretical technique in atomic, molecular and biological physics. The process involves an incident electron colliding with an atom or ...

Light interacting with hydrogen atoms enclosed in hollow cages composed of carbon atoms produces ionization. This phenomenon is particularly interesting because the light rays can have dramatic ...

In a new study published in EPJ D, researchers have clearly identified particular areas where discrepancies arise between theoretical and experimental measurements of helium ionization by an impacting ...

(Nanowerk News) A research team, led by Professor Tomonori Totani (School of Science, the University of Tokyo) and composed of scientists from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Tokyo ...

Ions are everywhere, from our daily surroundings to the cosmic expanse. As common table salt (NaCl) dissolves into sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in water, it imparts a salty taste. Once ...

A galaxy seen when the Universe was only 840 million years old Astronomers have used the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile to study a fundamental change in the cosmos more than 13 billion years ago.

A research team, led by Professor Tomonori Totani (School of Science, the University of Tokyo) and composed of scientists from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Tokyo Institute of ...