For observations based on sensory data, the human brain must constantly verify which "version" of reality underlies the perception. The answer is gleaned from probability distributions that are stored ...

Vision is a highly complex process, and requires the construction of a correspondingly complicated functional network made up of diverse nerve-cell types in the developing retina. In mammals, these ...

Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), which is defined as a congenital deficiency of retinal ganglion cells, may also involve more distal layers of the retina. We investigated electrophysiological function of ...

A nerve biopsy is a procedure where a small sample of a nerve is removed from your body and examined in a laboratory. A nerve biopsy can help your doctor determine whether your symptoms are caused by: ...

Your ulnar nerve runs all the way from your shoulder to your little finger. The ulnar nerve manages the muscles that allow you to make fine movements with your fingers. It also controls some of the ...

The main nerve of your parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), your vagus nerve relays messages between your brain, digestive system, and heart. Your PNS helps your body relax and recover after stress - ...

There are two specific types of neuralgia, or nerve pain. The first specific type is trigeminal neuralgia, or tic douloureux. Tic douloureux is a neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial ...

The vagus nerve is getting a lot of attention online these days. As just one of 12 paired cranial nerves, you may wonder what’s so special about it. But if you’ve seen people on social media sharing ...