Abstract: In this article, two anisotropic holographic metasurfaces with ultralow profiles are proposed to produce wideband high-intensity self-bending Bessel-like beams with customized propagation ...

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Learn how to solve exponential equations in base e. An exponential equation is an equation in which a variable occurs as an exponent. e is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828. e^x ...

Abstract: In the free-space optical communication (FSO) domain, orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams are vulnerable to disturbances from composite channels, including atmospheric turbulence and ...